Candy Chromatography (2024)

Candy Chromatography (1)

Many science experiments involve candy. Follow the directions below to find out how you can use science to determine how candies get their colors.

Materials:
Coffee filters
Clear jars or cups
Pencil
Tape
Scissors
Measuring cup or pitcher filled with water
Colored candies (M&Ms, Skittles, or Reese’s Pieces work well)

To Do:
1.) Cut the coffee filters into several strips. Each strip should be about 1” wide and just slightly longer than the height of your cup or jar.
2.) Fill one cup with a small amount of water.
3.) Choose one of the brown or purple candies.
4.) Dampen the candy by briefly dipping it in the water.
5.) Shake off any excess water and then smudge the candy on one of the filter strips, approximately 1” from the bottom.
6.) Fold the opposite end of the filter over a pencil and secure it with a piece of tape.
7.) Lay the pencil across the top of a second cup so that the strip hangs down inside the cup.
8.) Use a pitcher to carefully add enough water to the cup so that the water just touches the bottom of the filter strip. The water should not touch the candy smudge.
9.) Now watch closely as the water begins to travel up the filter paper. What do you notice? What happens when the water reaches the candy smudge? Keep watching for several minutes. Do you see any other colors on the filter?
10.) When the water reaches the top of the filter paper, remove it from the water and set it aside to dry.
11.) Repeat steps three through nine with some of the other candies.

Candy Chromatography (2)

Now Try This:

Repeat the investigation with different types of candies. Do you get the same result? What might happen if you dissolved a small amount of salt in the water? Try it and find out.

What’s Going On?
Look closely at the list of ingredients on a bag of M&Ms or Skittles. In addition to traditional ingredients, like chocolate and sugar, you may notice Red 40 or Yellow 6. These are the dyes that give the candies their colors. By using a process called chromatography, you can determine which dyes were used to make the different candies.
Chromatography is a method for separating mixtures, such as candy dyes, into individual parts. In this case, the separation is accomplished by using a coffee filter and water. As the water travels up the filter, it carries the dyes along with it. Different colors of dye travel at different rates due to their size, their solubility, and their attraction to the filter paper. The color molecules that are the most soluble in water or that have the least attraction to the paper travel up the paper the fastest. Those color molecules that have less solubility or that are more attracted to the paper travel more slowly.

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Debbie DeRoma is the former education manager for the Reuben H. Fleet Science Center.

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Candy Chromatography (2024)

FAQs

What is candy chromatography? ›

By using a process called chromatography, you can determine which dyes were used to make the different candies. Chromatography is a method for separating mixtures, such as candy dyes, into individual parts. In this case, the separation is accomplished by using a coffee filter and water.

What is the chromatography experiment of Skittles? ›

The Skittles Chromatography and Osmosis experiment shows what happens when the colour particles from the skittles move from an area of high concentration (the sweets) to an area of low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. Skittles are made mostly of sugar and food colouring.

How does candy get its color? ›

Some candy colors are the result of a single food coloring whereas others may use a combination of dyes to create just the right appearance. In this activity you'll get to do some scientific detective work at home to investigate what different dyes are used to color M&M candies.

What is the RF value in candy chromatography? ›

The Rf value is the ratio between how far the component travels and the distance the solvent travels from a common starting point (the origin). If one of the sample components moves 2.5 cm up the paper and the solvent moves 5.0 cm, then the Rf value is 0.5.

How is chromatography used in food? ›

Chromatography tests a food or drink sample by separating mixtures and analyzing the components for any harmful pollutants that could infect the food or drink.

What are 4 types of chromatography? ›

While this method is so accurate, there are primarily four different types of chromatography: gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and paper chromatography. Each has its own advantages and benefits in several industries, from healthcare to forensic science.

What does the Skittles experiment teach? ›

The Skittles experiment demonstrates concentration gradient, a chemical concept that means chemicals will move from areas of high concentration to lower concentration as they try to equalize the contractions (which is why the colors from the Skittles candies will bleed).

How can Skittles damage DNA? ›

Skittles contain titanium dioxide, a chemical used as a whitening agent in foods. Titanium dioxide is associated with cancer development after inhalational exposures, and it may have effects on DNA and gastrointestinal system function.

Which liquid dissolves Skittles color the fastest? ›

My procedure was putting different colored skittles in each of the liquids, and seeing how fast, and how long it took for the skittles to melt. For my results, the Mountain Dew was the fastest dissolver, with a time of 25 secs., Apple Cider Vinegar had 31 secs., Water had 36 secs., and Oil never dissolved.

What is Yellow 5 in M&Ms? ›

M&M's in the US contain artificial colours Yellow 5 (tartrazine), Yellow 6 (sunset yellow), and Red 40 (allura red) but not in Europe.

What color is the M on M&M's? ›

M&M'S Peanut Chocolate Candies were introduced in 1954 and the color used to print the "m" on M&M'S Plain and Peanut Chocolate Candies was changed from black to white.

Why isn't there a purple M&M? ›

We're not surprised that blue beat out purple (just barely in fact, with a whopping 54% of the vote). Since the color vote in 1995, they've had the same colors we know and love, which means no purple.

How does chromatography work? ›

Column chromatography is one of the most common methods of protein purification. Chromatography is based on the principle where molecules in mixture applied onto the surface or into the solid, and fluid stationary phase (stable phase) is separating from each other while moving with the aid of a mobile phase.

What factors affect separation in chromatography? ›

Chromatography separation is affected by factors such as the nature of the sample, mobile phase, stationary phase, and temperature. The nature of the sample plays a significant role in chromatography separation. This includes the size, shape, and charge of the molecules in the sample.

How many phases are needed for chromatography to work? ›

Chromatography relies on two different 'phases': the mobile phase close mobile phasePhase in chromatography that moves, usually a solvent or mixture of solvents. is the solvent. that moves through the paper, carrying different substances with it.

What is chromatography and what does it do? ›

Chromatography is an important biophysical technique that enables the separation, identification, and purification of the components of a mixture for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

What is sugar chromatography? ›

Sugar chromatography may aid the diagnosis of classical galactosaemia, sucrose malabsorption, lactose intolerance or fructosuria/hereditary fructose intolerance. Glucose is commonly present in small amounts in the urine of healthy individuals.

What does a chromatography experiment do? ›

Chromatography is a technique used to separate a mixture into its different parts, based on the chemical properties of each component. In this experiment, you'll test the pigments in different pens. Then you can test your detective skills by matching a particular pen to a note.

What does a chromatography test show? ›

Chromatography is a technique used to separate components in a mixture and can be used to partially identify the components.

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